Apparatus for drilling and pumping oil or other wells



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M. HAROLD. APPARATUS FOR DRILLING AND PUMPING OIL OR OTHER WELLS. No. 407,202. Patented July 16, 1889.

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APPARATUS FOR DRILLING AND PUMPING OIL OR OTHER WELLS. No. 407,202. Patented July 16,1889.

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M. HAROLD. APPARATUS FOR DRILLING AND PUMPING OIL OR OTHER WELLS. No. 407,202. Patented July 16, 1889.

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M. HAROLD.

APPARATUS FOR DRILLING AND PUMPING OIL OR OTHER WELLS. No. 407,202. Patented July 16, 1889.

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Patented July 16, 1889.

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APPARATUS FOR DRILLING AND PUMPING GIL OR OTHER WELLS.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIC MICHAEL HAROLD, OF LIMA, OHIO.

APPARATUS FOR DRILLING AND PUMPING OIL OR OTHER WELLS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 407,202, dated July 16, 1889.

Application filed l'anuaz'y 21, 1889. Serial No. 297,023. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, MICHAEL HAROLD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Lima, in the county of Allen and State of Ohio, have invented new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Drilling and Pumping Oil and other IVells, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of apparatus employed in drilling and pumping oil and other wells.

The invention consists in the several novel features of construction and new combina tions of parts hereinafter fully set forth,and then definitely pointed out in the claims following this specification.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a side elevation of a drilling-rig embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a partial side elevation on a larger scale and looking in the opposite direction. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of Fig. 2 upon the line .1 .1-. Fig. 4 is a detail perspective enlarged, showing the reciprocating frame, the pitman, and the spudding and driving device detachably connected thereto. Fig. 5 is a detail perspective of one of the castings forming part of the reciprocating frame. Fig. 0 is a detail perspective of a modified form of spudding and driving device. Fig. 7 is a detail plan view of the reciprocating frame and swinging bracket, showing also the locking device of Fig. i. Fig. 8 is a detail plan view of a modified form of locking device. Fig. 9 is a longitudinal axial section of the bull-wheel shaft, the band-wheel, and its supporting post, showing also the clutch-connection between the band-wheel and shaft. Fig. 10 is a similar axial section showing the shaft only with its adjuncts and illustrating a modified construction. Fig. ll is a detail vertical section showing a portion of the bull wheel shaft and illustrating a modified form of gearconnection with the band-wheel, whereby a greater power is obtained. Fig. 12 is a detail elevation of the baud-wheel, showing the crank-arm and casting combined in one integral piece and illustrating the manner of combining the same with the wheel. Fig. 13 is a "iew showing the manner of drilling and driving pipe at the same time, only those parts being shown necessary to illustrate the action of the mechanism shown in other figures.

In the said drawings the reference-mnneral 1 designates the grou nd-sills, of which I show eight, though I may use any number, either more or less, it being perfectly practicable to erect a rig having a foundation of several long and short sills, since my invention greatly reduces the superincumbent weight resting thereon. These ground-sills are composed of strong but comparatively light timbers, of any suitable wood-such as hemlock--and cut of a length and dimension adapted to the proportions of the rig. These timbers are joined together in the usual manner, and the space inclosed is boarded over to form a flooring 2.

Rising from opposite sides of the foundation are two shear-poles 3 and 4, slightly inclining toward each other, in order to bring their upper extremities into close proximity. At the end a crown-pulley 5 is mounted in any suitable form of bearings, the poles being connected by a light top brace 6, or by any equivalent means. These shear -poles may be braced by wire guy-ropes 7 or rods of any suitable number, and said poles may be of dressed timber or otherwise, as convenience may require. I propose to raise these shears to a height of about fifty to sixty feet, for which purpose I may splice them one or more times in any suitable manner.

Rising from one of the fore-and-aftfoundation-sills, a little one side of the longitudinal center, are vertical ways or uprights 8, braced upon one side by inclined strips 9, connected at or near their tops to cross-braces 10, which also connect the uprights together. Upon the opposite side a single inclined brace 12 serves a similar purpose, and an inclined strip 1 I} is provided to resist lateral strain. Mounted upon one of the transverse sills of the foundation are two parallel posts 14 and 11, one of which it lies substantially in the vertical plane of the uprights 8,the other being placed at a little distance therefrom toward the center of the structure. Both the posts are connected at their tops with a transverse brace 15, the ends of which are secured to the shearpoles, and a strong fore-and-aft brace or pair of braces 16 are lapped upon one of said posts, at or near its top, and extended across and connected to the uprights 8 and diagonal or inclined braces 9,thus forming an exceed ingly strong though, light and simple framework. A third post 17 is also erecttd upon the same sill, and near or in contact with the shear-pole 3, by which its upper end may be braced.

Journaled in the two posts 14 and 14 is a short metallic shaft 18, upon which is mounted the band-wheel,which will be described hereinafter. The shaft is loosely mounted in a casting 19, which has a bearing 20, resting in one of the posts 14, and a flange 21, against which abuts the end of a wooden shaft or drum 22, connected to the flange 21 by bolts 23. Upon the bearing rest bearing-blocks 24, keyed in place by any suitable meanssuch, for example, as thekeys shown in Fig. 9.

Upon the shaft 18 is splined a clutch 25, which may be thrown into connection with the bearing 20, and thereby caused to lock the shaft 18 and the drum 22 together. Upon the end of the shaft, remote from the casting 19, is mounted a bull-wheel 26, having substantially the ordinary construction. The clutch 25 is operated by a lever 27, pivoted on a cross-piece 28, Fig. 3, and engaging with a curved locking-plate 29, having notches which hold the lever at the two points of engagement and non-engagement.

The band-wheel 30, which is mounted on the end of the shaft projecting beyond the outer face of the post 14", consists, preferably,

of a wooden periphery, within which are inserted four or more strips 31, crossing each other and connected to the periphery at or near the outer face of the latter, as seen in Fig. 9. Within the central space formed by the crossing of the strips 31 is placed a cast- I in g 32, bolted to the strips and having a crankarm 33, Figs. 9 and 12. The arrangement of economizes space. It also increases the resisting strength of the shaft 18, the end of which projects beyond the post 14 only far enough to engage the casting 32.

The band-wheel is driven by a belt 34 from a pulley 35, mounted on and actuated by an engine 36 of any suitable construction. This engine is placed at the usual distance in rear of the structure, as seen in Fig. 1.

Mounted between and moving upon the uprights 8, between the upper transverse braces 10 and the fore-andaft braces 16, is a frame composed of horizontal cross-heads 37, the ends whereof are notched to receive and slide upon the uprights 8, said cross-heads being connected by vertical strips 38, which are preferably lapped upon the outer faces of the cross-heads. Upon this frame, preferably at vor near its upper end, is mounted a bracket zontal member of two parallel strips '44, be-

tween the rearward ends of which are inserted two parallel vertical strips 45. upper ends of the latter I insert the central wing of a T-shaped casting 46, Fig. 5, having a pintle or journal 47, which lies in a seat in the cross-head 37 The lower ends of the parallel vertical pieces are separated by the central wing of a similar casting,having a journal seating in the lower cross-head, and diagonal braces 48 are lapped outside the strips 45 and the outer ends of the horizontal pieces 44, which are separated and held parallel by a block49, inserted a little distance from the forward ends of the horizontal pieces. With this construction the bracket support 43, which projects from the inner face of the reciprocating frame, is adapted to turn or swing from one side to the other of the frame, or from front to rear, or vice versa. In order to lock the supporting-bracket in position various means may be employed, one convenient device being a hinged or pivoted yoke 50, mounted on the upper cross-head 37. This yoke has side flanges 51, embracing the horizontal pieces 44 when the latter swing into a position at right angles with the cross-head; but should it be desirable to hold the bracket in any other position a yoke 52 may be used inclined at an angle to the cross-head, as seen in Fig. 8. Any other convenient form of fast ening may be substituted, however, for that described.

Pivotally connected to the lower c'rosshead 37 is a strip or link-plate 53, having its lower end similarly connected to a lever 54, fulcruined upon one of the inclined braces 9. Upon this leveris mounted a bracket 55, having a journal 56, upon whichis placed a grooved pulley 57 of any suitable size. This construction, the use of which will be explained hereinafter, may be modified in various ways. For example, I may employ the parts shown in Fig. 6, consisting of the longitudinal pieces 58, the ends of which are bolted to the lower cross-head 37. To these pieces is connected a separate cross-head 59, adapted to slide upon the vertical guides or uprights 8 and carry the pulley 57. I may also modify the arrangement shown in Fig. 4 by inclining the lever 54 at an angle with the braces, as shown in Fig. 3. For this purpose the end may be fulcrumed upon a beveled block 60 on the outer face of the outer bracing-strip 9. It may then reciprocate between one of the uprights 8 and a guide-strip 61.

Between the The purpose of this modification will be shown hereinafter.

In rear of the band-wheel is arranged the sand reel, composed of a shaft 62, having its axis parallel with that of the bull-Wheel shaft. The sand-reel shaft is mounted in suitable bearings in two short posts (38 and 6t. The latter bearing is composed of a block 65, sliding in a seat in the post (if and connected with a lever 66, whereby it maybe moved to and fro to gear a friction-drum 07 on the sand-reel with the surface of the bandwheel. Beside this f riction-drum or gear 07 is a similar drum 68, upon which the brake (if) acts in the well-known manner.

In a suitable bearing upon the shear 3 I mount one end of a shaft- 71, geared by suitable miter-gearing to the extended end of the bull-wheel shaft, said shaft 71 being arranged at right angles therewith and its other end being supported in a post 72. Said shaft carries a drum or spool 73, and may be geared actively with the bull-wheel by means of a clutch 7 i, operated by a lever 75. \Vhen this shaft is employed, the construction of the band-wheel shaft 18 (shown in Fig. 9) is modified in the manner shown in Fig. 10 by extending said shaft entirely through the bullwheel drum or shaft 22 and beyond the outer end of the latter to receive the miter-gear '70, connecting it with the auxiliary shaft 71. In other respects, however, the construction is not materially altered. In both constructions I arrange the brake-band 77 in the manner shown in Fig. 2, one end being attached to a staple 78, carried thence upward and over the bull-wheel, and then brought beneath the latter and attached to a crank-arm 79, mounted on a shaft having a lever 80. In both eonstructions also, save when a short shaft is used, I taper the bull-wheel drum or shaft 22, giving it a slight and uniform decrease in diameter from the end next the band-wheel to the end adjacent to the bull-wheel, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10. Thepurpose of this construction is to cause the cable carried by said drum or shaft to wind thereon in both directions with uniformity instead of running to that end directly beneath the vertical line of draft and there piling upon the drum in such manner as to seriouslyimpair the power of the engine as well as wear and injure the cable.

I also provide the bull-wheel drum or shaft 22 with an adjustable and removable spooling-disk 81, composed of two separable half disks or sections connected bybolts 82, whereby they may be clamped upon the drum at any point and adjusted thereon or-removed entirely. In the early operations attending the commencement of a well wherein the 11ature of the work requires only a small portion of the cable to be in use I wind the greater portion thereof in the space inclosed between the spooling-disk 81 and the bull-wheel, retaining upon the drum outside the disk only that part required in spudding or driving.

In this manner the great mass of the cable is practically removed from the drum, where, if it were present, it would only be subjected to chafe and wear, and would materially increase the diameter of said drum or shaft, and thus require a proportionate expenditure of power without useful result. Moreover, I am able by this construction to adjust the disk to increase or diminish the capacity of the spool, whereas in the constructions previously used radial arms have been spiked on the drum, from which they must be torn whenever a change is required.

I may, if desired, employ a separate bandwheel shaft and so gear the same to the bullwheel shaft as to obtain any required increase of power. This modified construction is shown in Fig. 11, wherein the band-wheel shaft 83 is journaled in the posts 14: and 1% and connected with the bull-wheel shaft 84 by means of a smaller gear 85 meshing with alarge pinion 86. The operative connection in this construction is effected by means of a clutch 87, operated by a lever in the usual way.

In operating the rig thus constructed the mode of procedure is substantially as follows: The location of the wellbeing established and the rig set up, the well is begun by spudding or driving, or both, for which purpose the cable is simply carried over the grooved pulley 57, and, the band-wheel shaft being disconnected from the bull-wheel shaft, the engine is set in motion. The rotation of the bandwheel communicates reciprocation through the pitinan 41 and link-connection 53 to the bracket carrying the pulley 57 thereby drawing upon and releasing the cable alternately and operating the tool or maul, as the case may be. Should circumstances require it, the drill or spudding-tool and the maul may be operated simultaneously by means of the connected shafts 22 and 18, the maul being for this purpose so constructed that it may surround the tool and cable. In this manner both operations may go on at. the same time and without interfering with each other, and a great economy of time may thereby be effected. In this proceeding the maul is lifted by a separate cable and a second crown-pulley is employed, the driller simply snubbing or otherwise operating the cable over the secondary shaft 18. It should be noted, however, that I may use either'the latter shaft or the bull-wheel drum or shaft for this purpose indilferently, it being only necessary in the latter case to operate the tool by a cable connected to the secondary shaft 18. In reciprocating the frame carrying the pulley 57 it will be seen that the purpose of inclining the lever 54 at a horizontal angle, as in Fig. 3, is to present the pulley to the cable as nearly as possible in the plane or angle at which the cable leaves the drum \Vhen the drilling begins, the bracket-support 43 may be put up; but if it is already in place it is simply swung over into proper position and locked in the manner already described, and

the temper-screw is attached to the extremities of the two horizontal arms 44. Should it become necessary to pull up the tool or withdraw the pipe, this bracket is simply turned to one side out of the way, and should it prove necessary to change the location of the well, to avoid natural obstructions encountered beneath the surface, this bracket by its capacity of adjustment may be used with equal convenience in driving the secondwell instead of removing the entire rig.

I arrange the engine, as shown inFig. 1, in what may be termed the rear of the structure and turn the cylinder toward the latter in order that I may run it forward and impart a rotation to the band-wheel from right to left, whereby the left of the reciprocating frame carrying the bracket-support 43 is given with the pitman 41 in nearly a vertical line, thus applying the steam-power to the utmost advantage.

It should be noted that inasmuch'as a water or other well may be drilled in the immediate neighborhood of the man well the lever-arm 54 forms a convenient means of pumping the former well, as well as for the work for which it is provided, the pumping mechanism being connected to said lever in any suitable manner and being capable of use without in any way interfering with the other operations.

What I claim is 1. A drilling and pumping rig for oil and other wells, consisting of a suitable foundation frame-Work, a derrick composed of two shear-poles inclined toward each other and rising in substantially a Vertical plane from the sides of the foundation, a bull-wheel shaft having a single bull-wheel, a band-wheel shaft combined with and forming part of the bull- Wheel shaft,both journaled in uprights which are brought up to or under the derrick, a sandreel having its axis parallel with the bullwheel shaft and provided with a friction-pulley and brake-pulley, a secondary or auxiliary shaft geared with the bull-wheel shaft, means for operating the drilling and pumping devices, and clutch-connections between the band-wheel shaft and bull-wheel shaft and between the latter and the secondary shaft, substantially as specified.

2. In a drilling and pumping rig for oil and other wells, the combination, with a derrick composed of two inclining shear-poles, of a band-wheel shaft having a crank-arm, a reciprocating frame arranged and moving in vertical guidewa-ys near said shaft, said crank-arm being connected to a wrist-pin on the reciprocating frame by a pitman, and a horizontally-swinging bracket on said frame adapted to carry the temper-screw, substantially as described.

3. In a drilling and pumping rig for oil and other wells, the combination, with a derrick composed of two inclined shear-poles, of a band-wheel shaft having a crank-arm and a reciprocating frame moving in vertical ways near, the band-wheel shaft and connected to said crank-arm by a pitman, said frame having connected therewith a pulley for the cable, said pulley being reciprocated by the reciprocation of the frame, substantially as described.

4. In a drilling and pumping rig, the combination, with a suitable foundation-frame having avertical guideway, of a reciprocating frame moving in said guideway, a bracketsupport hinged or pivotally mounted on said reciprocating frame and adapted to carry the temper-screw or pumping-rod, and means for actuating the frame from a crank on the band-whee1 shaft, substantially as specified.

5. In a drilling and pumping rig having a suitable foundation-frame provided with a vertical guideway, the combination, with a reciprocating frame moving in said guideway,

of a bracketsupport hinged or pivotally mounted thereon and adapted to carry the temper-screw or pu mp-rod, a carrier connected with and operated by said frame and having a grooved pulley mounted on a stud bearing on said carrier, and a pitman connected by one end to a wrist-pin on the reciprocating frame and by the other end to a crank-arm on the band-wheel shaft, substantially as specified.

6. In a drilling and pumping rig having a foundationframe provided with a derrick composed of two poles rising vertically from opposite sides and approaching each other at top, where they are provided with one or more pulleys, the combination,- with a bull-wheel shaft and a band-wheel shaft united and clutch-connected, of avertically-reciprocatin g frame moving in a guideway on the foundation, a bracket support hinged or pivotally mounted on said frame and so constructed as to permit the attachment of the temper-screw or pump-rod, a carrier connected to and reciprocated by the said frame and provided with a grooved pulley to receive the cable, means for locking the bracket-support in any desired position, and a pitman connected to a wrist-pin on the reciprocating frame and to a crank-arm 011 the band-wheel shaft, substantially as specified.

'7. In a drilling and pumping rig having a foundationframe-work provided with a derrick composed of two shear-poles rising from its sides and approaching each other, the combination, with a bull-wheel shaft and bandwheel shaft united and clutch connected and journaled in supports brought close to said derrick, of a reciprocating frame moving in a Vertical guideway, a lever fulcrumed at one end at a distance from the guideway and linked at the other end to the reciprocating frame, a grooved pulley mounted on a stud carried by said lever, and a pitman operated by a crank on the band-wheel shaft and connected to a wrist-pin on the reciprocating frame, substantially as specified.

8. In a drilling and pumping rig, the combination, with a vertical guideway rising from a foundation frame-work, of areciprocating IOC frame moving in said guideway, a lever fulcrumed by one end at a distance from the guideway and linked at the other end to the reciprocating frame, a pulley journaled on said lever, and means for reciprocating said frame in the guideway for'spudding, drilling, or pumping, and other purposes, substantially as specified.

9. In a drilling and pumping rig for oil and other wells, the combination, with a bullwheel shaft, of a band-wheel shaft entering the same upon an axial line, a clutch splined to the one shaft to connect and disconnect the two, a band-wheel having its arms arranged near the outer edge of its rim and provided with a casting bolted to the inner face of said arms and carrying a crank-arm, and an upright in which the band-wheel shaft is supported, said upright having its outer face beveled olf above and below the point of support to accommodate the rim of the bandwheel and give an increased bearing to the shaft, substantially as specified.

10. In a drilling and pumping rig for oil and other wells, the combination, with a bullwheel shaft having atone end a casting lying partly within the shaft and provided with a flange bolted to its end, of a bandwheel shaft entering said casting axially and carrying a band-wheel, and a clutch splined on said band-wheel shaft between the latter and the band-wheel and engaging with a corresponding clutch-seat in the casting, substantially as described.

11. I11 a drilling and pumping rig for oil and other wells, the con'ibination, with a vertical guideway rising from the foundation frame-work, of a reciprocating frame moving in said guideway, a supporting-bracket hinged or pivotally mounted on said frame and having two pa allel arms separated by a block inserted a little behind the free or projecting ends of said arms, means for locking the said support in any desired position, and a pitman reciprocating the frame carrying the latter, substantially as specified.

12. In a drilling and pumping rig for oil and other wells, a band-wheel having a central casting bolted to its arms and carrying an integral crank-arm, substantially as specifled.

13. In a drilling and pumping rig for oil and other wells, the combination, with a foundation-frame and a derrick formed of two shear-poles rising from opposite sides, of

an upright guideway supported by inclined braces, a reciprocating frame moving in said guideway and carrying a hinged bracketsupport having a locking-yoke, a lever fulcrumed at one end to one of the inclined braces, its other end linked to the reciprocating frame and provided with a grooved pulley journaled on a stud carried by said lever,

a bandwheel shaft, and a pitman carried by a crank on the band-wheel shaft and connected to a wrist-pin on the reciprocating frame, substantially as specified.

14. A drilling and pumping rig for oil and other wells, consisting of a foundation-frame, a derrick formed of two shear-poles rising from its sides and inclining toward each other, a bull-wheel shaft and band-wheel shaft combined and journaled in supports brought up to or under the derrick, a secondary or auxiliary shaft arranged at right angles to and detachably geared with the bandwheel shaft, a reciprocating frame moving in a vertical guideway near the band whcel, a bracket-support hinged or pivotall y mounted on said frame, a pitman connecting the crank on the band-wheel shaft with said frame, and a lever fulcrumed at one end and connected at the other end to the reciprocating frame and provided with a pulley mounted on the said lever, substantially as specified.

15. In a drilling and pumping rig for oil and other wells, the combination, with a secondary or auxiliary shaft, of an extended band-wheel shaft carried through and pro j ecting beyond the bull-wheel drum or shaft to receive the gearin connecting it with said auxiliary shaft, a clutch by which the revolution of the band-wheel shaft may be communicated to said auxiliary shaft, a reciprocating lever having a pulley to receive the cable operating the tool, and a pitman operated by the band-wheel shaft and reciprocating said lever, the cable or tool passing through an opening or slot in the maul, and the latter being connected to a cable operated by the secondary shaft, whereby the drill or spudding-tool and maul may be operated multaneously, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

MICHAEL HAROLD.

\Vitnesses:

JAMES L. NoRRIs, JAMES A. RUTHERFORD. 

